Which protocol would be used for submersion injuries?

• A. The protocol for submersion injuries.
• B. The protocol for managing hemorrhage.
• C. The protocol for managing head injuries.
• D. The protocol for trauma alerts.

Answer: (A)

Submersion injuries call for a dedicated protocol because drowning and near-drowning involve unique risks and steps that aren’t covered by general trauma procedures. The main target is rapid restoration of oxygenation and airway control after water inhalation, along with monitoring for complications that can develop after the initial incident, such as delayed pulmonary edema or secondary drowning. This protocol guides responders through water-specific rescue considerations, effective airway management and suctioning, high-flow oxygen, careful temperature management, and appropriate rapid transport with attention to potential spinal injury if trauma is suspected. It also emphasizes early recognition of evolving respiratory distress even after initial stabilization.

Other protocols focus on different problems—hemorrhage control targets bleeding, head injury management emphasizes neuro assessment and intracranial issues, and a trauma alert protocol is about activating the right teams. They don’t address the particular sequence of assessment and interventions required for someone who has been submerged, making the submersion injury protocol the best fit for this scenario.