What is the treatment for a severe allergic reaction (anaphylaxis) according to the protocol?

• A. Diphenhydramine only.
• B. Albuterol inhaler.
• C. Epinephrine 0.3 mg IM (1:1000) and repeat in 3-5 minutes.
• D. Corticosteroids only.

Answer: (C)

Epinephrine is the first-line treatment for anaphylaxis because it rapidly reverses the two main life-threatening problems: airway swelling and bronchospasm, and low blood pressure from widespread vasodilation. It works on multiple receptors to constrict blood vessels (alpha-1), support heart function (beta-1), and relax airway muscles (beta-2), quickly improving breathing and circulation.

For adults, give epinephrine intramuscularly at 0.3 mg (1:1000). If symptoms persist or worsen, repeat the dose every 3–5 minutes while emergency care is arranged. While other meds like antihistamines or corticosteroids can be used as adjuncts, they do not replace epinephrine and act more slowly. Supportive steps—call for emergency help, keep the person comfortable, monitor breathing, position appropriately, and provide oxygen if available—are also important.